Original Painting by BapuOriginal Painting by Bapu

Original Painting by Bapu

Original Painting by Bapu

Original Painting by Bapu

Haring left Pittsburgh and went to New York City in the same year and joined in a school for learning Visual arts. Here he made several friends outside with fellow artists. He organized several exhibitions and performances at club 57 and other places. Haring influenced and inspired by the work of Jean Dubuffet, Pierre Alenchinsky, William Burroughs, Brion Gysin and Robert Henry’s manifesto “The Art spirit” determined to devote his career for creating a true public art.

In 1980 Haring found an effective medium to communicate with a wider group of audience by creating drawings in white chalk on blank paper panels throughout the subway station. Haring did a tremendous job in producing hundreds of drawings during 1980-1985. The subway became his laboratory to experiment his ideas with simple line drawings. During 1980-89 he got an international recognition and participated in several solo exhibitions. During this period he developed watch designs for Swatch and an advertising campaign for Absolut Vodka and created murals throughout the world.

During 1986 he opened a Pop shop for selling T-shirts, toys, posters, magnets and buttons painting his images. He also painted the entire shop with an abstract black on white mural and created a striking retail environment. Though he was criticized for this unperturbed he committed to spread his art to wide audience as much as possible and he got full support from his friend’s mentors and fans.

In 1988 he was diagnosed with AIDS and 1989 he established Keith Haring Foundation with an aim to support AIDS organizations and children’s programs and to expand his art work through exhibitions, publications and the licensing of his images. Haring was able to attract people from all over the world by expressing universal concepts on birth, death, love, sex and war using his line art with directness of his messages. He was recognized universally as a visual artist of the 20th century.

Sadly at a young age of 31 Haring passed away from the world on February 16, 1990 with AIDS complications. Though he died he is remembered by his great art exhibited in several major museums in the world.

Image Source: Visentico


Image Source: Leafer

Image Source: Tais Milillo

Image Source: Satish Krishnamurthy

Image Source: Salim Virgi

Image Source: Klaus Friese

Image Source: Mike Gifford

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Image Source: Luca Conti

Image Source: Luca Conti

Image Source: Luca Conti

Image Source: Luca Conti

Image Source: Luca Conti

Image Source: Luca Conti

Gilbert used to argue that magnetism and electricity are different and that electricity disappears with heat and not magnetism even though it was not correct. It was proven that magnetism can be damaged and weakened by heat. Later some other scientists proved that both electric and magnetic are effects are a single force “Electromagnetism”. Gilbert also studied the moon’s surface without a telescope and concluded that the black spots are land and the light spots are water.

Gilbert died in London on 30 November 1603 with Bubonoic Plague.

Gideon Sundback, a Swedish-American businessman is most popularly known to the world as the developer of zipper. Gideon Sundback was born on April 24, 1880 in Småland, Sweden to a wealthy farmer. Gideon Sundback’s big bet would be to radically improve an already made zipper.

From the time humans began to dress in animal skins and later fabric, it has been a need to open and close the clothing. From a different velcro closures and clasps grew the idea of ​​a front zipper. Zippers are a kind of locking device for clothes, etc., which can be opened and closed by a slider which is drawn between the two rows of clasps.

Gideon Sundback went abroad for electrical engineering course and graduated in Germany. Two years later he traveled to America and settled there. There he worked for several advances in the development of the zipper. He worked for a businessman named Lewis Walker, who produced zip.

A zipper design was presented in 1893 by Whitcomb Judson, but these were mainly designed for shoes. Even earlier, already in 1851 an American sewing machine designer, Elias Howe, received a patent for a design of “Locking Slider.”

Gideon Sundback’s idea was to punch out the hooks and clamp them in two fabric tape, which could then be sewn by machine. Finally, the best version of the zip was released and patented on August 24, 1914 as ‘Seperable Fastner‘.

In 1931 in Swedan the usage of metal zippers has been increased. The business expanded and Gideon Sundback became rich. He died in 1954 after he left a fortune of USD $ 13 million.

Google Celebrates Gideon Sundback’s 132nd Birthday on its homepage. Unzip the creative Google Doodle!

Gideon Sundback and Zip Facts:
April 24, 1880
Died: June 21, 1954
Occupation: Businessman
Spouse: Elvira Aronson

The original inventor of the ‘zip’ was Elias Howe.

About Nisha Kariyanna:

• Born on 8th of April 1985 in Bangalore (Karnataka) in a middle class family.
• Parents both worked as government employees, father a retired cop and mother a retired government school headmistress.
• Me being the youngest and the other two sisters married and settled, one in Bangalore and the other in Muscat.
• Completed my Post-graduation ( MBA in HR ) in 2008 and worked as a recruiter for a year and as a process executive for couple of years.
• Spent most of my free time in front of PC with paper and pencil. Started sketching at the age of 12 (7th grade).
• Had a craze for art at a young age, shifted from drawing animals to sketching faces of people.
• My first sketch was of Kajol from Pyar Toh Hona Hi Tha. I still remember when i took the cassette cover and sat with my homework book tore a plain sheet of paper and started sketching. I took close to half a day to complete it.
• Just after finishing my post-graduation i got in to job worked for 3 and a half years with no time for self or family. But just after quitting my previous job is when i started sketching again.
• Many ask me which has been my best art, but its very difficult for an artist to choose the best one amongst so many work.

India Gate, Delhi:
Anyone who visits Delhi will never forget to visit India Gate constructed during the year 1931 in the memory of 99,000 Indian soldiers who lost their lives in the World War I and the second Afghan war in 1919. 13,516 names were inscribed on it. It is located at Rajpath, New Delhi. The structure was constructed completely with red stone and the height is 42 meters. An eternal flame is also lit at the place in the honour of the soldiers unknown. The monument was dedicated to the nation by the duke of Connaught in 1931 by the hands of Viceroy, Lord Irwin.

Image Source: Raj Kumar

Qutub Minar, Delhi:
Qutub Minar an architectural marvel constructed in the year 1199 by Qutub-ud-Din Albak the slave king as a victory tower. Only the first storey was constructed by Qutub and the other stories were constructed by his successors and his son in-law Firozshah Tuglaq. The structure was completely constructed with red sand stone and height is 72.5 m.


Image Source: James

Red Fort (Lal Quila), Delhi:
It is the seventh city of Delhi Shahjahanabad built by Shah Jahan in 17 Th centuries. It was seat of Mughal power in India till 1857. It is enclosed by rubble stone wall and several edifices were built inside of it. It has fourteen gates and the important gates are Lahori, Ajmeri, Turkmen, Kashmiri and Delhi gates. The construction of the red fort was started in the year 1639 and was completed by 1648. It is situated at the town’s northern end on the right bank of Yamuna and the south Salimgarh. It was constructed with red sand stone and the palaces with marble.

Image Source: Prasad

Rashtrapathi Bhavan, Delhi:
Rashtrapathi Bhavan is the official residence of the President of India and a monumental structure and a master piece of British Empire. It has 340 rooms, 37 salons, 74 lobbies and loggias, one Km of corridor 18 stair cases and 37 fountains. On the west side of the Rashtrapathi Bhavan there is a beautiful Mughal garden and is open for the visitors during spring. It has a state drawing room, state ball room, state library, dining room and private apartments.

Image Source: Jeremy Vandel

Baha’i House of Worship (Lotus House), Delhi:
It is a symbol of communal harmony of India completely constructed by marble stone dedicated by the Government of India to the people of India and all humanity in the year1986. It is a monument dedicated for unity of all religions and unity of humankind. About four million visitors visit this monument every year.

Image Source: Varun Shiv

Humayun’s Tomb, Delhi:
One of the most planned architectural construction in an octagonal design. It almost looks like Taj mahal on Mathura road to the east of Hazarat Nizamuddin’s shrine. This is a memorial constructed by his senior widow Haji Hamida Begum in 1565. It is best preserved even today. This was declared as a UNESCO heritage in the year 1993.

Image Source: Peter Rivera

Jama Masjid, Delhi:
It is one of the largest Mosques in India constructed during the years 1644-1658 by the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan being his last architectural works undertaken. It was constructed with red stone and marble by more than 5000 artisans. It is situated in Delhi opposite to the red fort. 20,000 people can perform prayers at a time in this Mosque.

Image Source: Dinesh Obareja

Jantar Mantar, Delhi:
It is an oldest astronomical observatory constructed during the year in 1725 by Maharajah Jai Singh II of Jaipur. It consists of a huge sundial and other structures to measure the position of stars, for calculating the astronomical events like eclipses, position of stars etc. There are five observatories in India the other four are located in Varanasi, Ujjain, Mathura and Jaipur.

Image Source: Strudelt

Meenakshi Sundareswarar Temple, Madurai, Tamilnadu:
Located in Madurai, Tamilnadu, South India and it is one of the finest temple of Dravidian architecture with Gopurams, pillars and halls paintings of Gods, Goddesses in multicolor of 17Th centuries the temple occupies an area of six hectares with four entrance gates. A temple museum is also located in the premises containing beautiful brass and stone images. It is believed that there are about 30 million sculptures in the temple.

Image Source: Wouter Hagens

Jewish Synagogue, Cochin, Kerala:
It is one of the oldest Synagogues in India constructed by Jewish community during the year 1568. It was partially damaged during the in 1662 war and again was rebuilt by the Dutch. In the middle of 18Th century a clock tower was added and the floors were paved with hand painted China tiles. It contains great scrolls of testament and copper plates carved with the privileges given by the Cochin Govt. In addition the Synagogue also possesses five gold and silver crowns received as gifts from various people.

Image Source: Arian Zwegers

Golden Temple, Amritsar, Punjab:
The golden temple Amritsar is a holy Sikh shrine built with golden plates in 1577.The Mandir stands in a pool and the reflections of the temple shining in still waters of the sacred tank. The temple is a sign of universal brother hood and equality. It is not a temple for Sikhs alone anybody can go irrespective of cast, creed or religion and seek the blessings of the shrine. The temple exemplifies the identity, glory and heritage of the Sikh community. It is a unique Sikh architecture.

Image Source: Snikrap

Taj Mahal, Agra:
Taj Mahal is a tomb and one of the greatest wonders of the world and an architectural beauty. It was constructed by the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan during the years 1630-1648 in the memory of his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal. It is a greatest Mughal architecture with a unique design completely constructed with white marble. Taj Mahal stands on the banks of the river in a majestic manner mesmerizing the onlookers. The beauty of the Taj Mahal is beyond the scope of words. One must see the beauty in the moonlight to appreciate the glistening white marble monument. Taj Mahal covers an area of 42 acres with the terrain gradually sloping from south to north towards the river Yamuna. Verses from Quran were inscribed on stone and bordered at the main gate way. The main tomb stands on a square platform raised 50 m above the river bank.

Image Source: Chris Brown

Buland Darwaza, Fatehpur Sikri:
Buland Darwaza is the highest gateway of India erected by Mughal Emperor Akbar in the year 1601 AD to commemorate his victory and conquest of Gujarat. The height of the gate is 175 ft situated Fatehpur Sikri 50 Km from Agra. The magnificent gate is an imposing feature and a stunning view for the visitors. Built in red sand stone and marble inlay work and roof top chhattris resemble Hindu architecture. Verses from Holy Quran were inscribed on the majestic pillars. Buland Darwaza is the entrance for the tomb of Salimshah Chishti, The inscriptions on the Darwaza pillars and borders were accredited to Jesus Christ.

Image Source: Derek Keats

The Bara Imambara, Lucknow:
The Bara Imambara is the largest vaulted hall in the world constructed without any external support by wood or iron beams built in 1784 by Nawab Asaf-Ud-Daula. The central hall is 50 M long and 15 m height and here the Nawab used to hold Darbars and public hearings. The tomb of Asaf-Ud-Daula is also situated in the premises of this monument.

Image Source: Habi

Gateway of India, Mumbai:
The gate way of India is a 26 feet tall monument constructed to commemorate the visit of British Royal personalities King George V and Queen Mary in 1911. It is a huge archway situated at Apollo Bunder. The gateway was built by the British and the Architect designed was George Wittet. The gateway was formally opened in 1924.

Image Source: Kunal Mukherjee

Kailash Temple, Ellora, Maharashtra:
Kailash temple is the largest monolithic structure present near Ellora wherein 34 cave temples were carved out of hillside. Out of these 34, 12 are popular and attractive to the visitors. The huge Kailash temple of cave no 16 occupies a major space. It is said that 200,000 tons of rock were excavated for construction of the temple and it is one of the largest monolithic structure. It was constructed during 760 AD by the King of Krishna I. Ellora is at 30 Km from Aurangabad. The temple has a big Shiv Linga in the sanctum for worshiping Lord Shiva. Sculptures from Ramayana and Mahabharata were carved on the wall of the cave temple. During the month of December a dance and music festival will be performed at the temple and large groups of visitors attend to witness the show.

Image Source: Abhinaba

Charminar, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh:
Charminar is an attractive tourist spot in Hyderabad city constructed in a majestic manner with granite and crushed lime and mortar. The monument was constructed by Sultan Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah the 5Th ruler of Qutb Shahi dynasty during 1591. He constructed this monument to celebrate the elimination of the deadliest contagious disease plague form the city. The structure is popular due to its four minarets. The Charminar is a square like structure with four towers in the four corners appears very magnificently in the center of the city of Hyderabad.

Image Source: Abhijit Rao

Gol Gumbaz, Bijapur, Karnataka
The 40 M dome said to be the second largest in the world constructed during 17 Th century situated at Bijapur Karnataka. It is a mausoleum of Muhammad Adil shah. It is also called as whispering gallery because even a slight whisper echoes the dome across its length. The dome is surrounded by four minarets all around.

Image Source: Pagastesi

Se cathedral, Velha (Goa):
It is one of the largest churches in Asia completed its construction in 1652 and dedicated to Saint Catherine of Alexandria The church has five bells of which one is a Golden bell a best one in the world. It is located at old Goa, India. It is one of the oldest religious buildings in Goa. It is a cathedral of the Latin Rite Catholic Archdiocese of Goa and Daman and seat of Patriarch of the East Indies.

Image Source: Soham Pablo

Basilica of Bom Jesus, Velha, Goa:
The church is of 400 years of old and the mortal remains of St. Francis Xavier are preserved. The body is open to the public every day but only on special occasions the visitors are allowed to touch usually held for every five years.

Image Source: Peter Verkhovensky

Mahabodhi Temple Bodhgaya, Bihar:
It is a sacred place where Gowtham Buddha attained enlightenment (566-486BC) under Bodhi tree. It is a highly regarded place for the Buddhists. Emperor Asoka visited the place around 260 BC and believed to have constructed a small temple near the Bodhi tree. The Mahabodhi temple is nearly160 feet tall and a large sanctuary. The sacred Bodhi tree stands on the west side of the temple where Buddha did meditation for his enlightenment.

Image Source: Greg

Victoria Memorial, Calcutta:
Victoria memorial hall Kolkata is dedicated to the Queen Victoria of United Kingdom and it is located in Kolkata the capital of West Bengal and earlier capital of British India. It was established in 1921 located at Queen’s way Kolkata. At present it is serving as a museum run by an autonomous body under Govt of India, Ministry of culture. The Victoria Memorial hall is located in 64 Acres of land with a huge building. The memorial has the Royal portraits of the British and Queen Victoria depicting their regime in India and several Exhibits showing their Royal life. Subsequently several exhibits were also added to depict the Indian Independence.

Image Source: Rakesh

Hawa Mahal (Palace of Winds), Jaipur:
Hawa Mahal the place of winds constructed in 18th century is a land mark of the city of Jaipur the pink city. The mahal is five storeyed carved intricately with 953 windows exclusively built for women of the harem (Royal House hold) to see without themselves being observed. It is now an important tourist spot for the visitors of Jaipur.

Image Source: Nagarjun Kandukuru

Sanchi Stupa, Sanchi, Madhya Pradesh:
Sanchi Stupa built in 283 BCE by the Emperor Ashoka who got converted into Buddhism. Sanchi is in Madhya Pradesh, Central India. It is the second largest Stupa in India. It is well known for the scriptures on it. Sanchi is an historical and religious place for Buddhists and constructed for the spread of Buddhism.

Image Source: Archbik

Lingaraja Temple, Bhubaneswar, Orissa:
Lingaraja Temple Bhubaneswar, Orissa was constructed by Yayathi Kesari in 7th century. It is an oldest temple and constructed in Orissa style. It is a pilgrimage center and also a tourist spot for many visitors who come to Orissa. Linga raja Temple was built in about 250000 square feet area and the height of the tower is 180 feet. The temple is exquisitely carved on its walls and pillars. The Nata Mandir and the Bhog Mandir in Linga raja temple are worth to see.

Image Source: Bimal Das

Surya Temple, Konark, Orissa:
The temple at Konark was constructed for the Sun God. It is a magnificent temple with astonishing architecture but due to bad maintenance it is very much ruined. However large numbers of tourists visit this place along with Puri, and Bhubaneswar every year. The temple was built in 13th century by the king Narasimha Deva I.

Image Source: Shiva Nataraja

Jagannath Temple, Puri, Orissa:
A temple constructed during 12th century and the worshiping God is Lord Jagannath Swamy (Lord of the Universe). The temple was built in the heart of the city on a mammoth raised platform of 4, 20,000 square feet area. The temple has four gates and east facing main gate the Lion gate is the main entrance to the temple. The height of the temple is 65 Feet. Every year in the month of June Ratha yatra (Car festival) festival will be celebrated here and it attracts huge crowd of devotees from all parts of India and abroad. Another interesting feature of the temple is offering of Mahaprasada to the lord Jagannath. Several Pundits cook the food in most sanctity and offered to the lord. After offering it to the Lord becomes the Mahaprasada. Then it will be sold to the devotees in Ananda Bazar. Devotees purchase the Mahaprasada and eat. The Mahaprasada is prepared with rice, all types of vegetables, spices, Ghee, Jaggery and sometimes dry fruits also. It is said by the devotees that it is very tasty and they carry also it to homes.

Image Source: Jeff Hart

Khajuraho Temples, Madhya Pradesh:
Khajuraho is a small place in Chatrapur district of Madhya Pradesh. This small village is recognized by the UNESCO as heritage symbol of India. The village is famous for its temples. The temples were constructed in 11th century by Chandela kings. It is known that temple construction took 100 years to complete. These temples are famous for their architectural beauty. Erotic sculpture was also carved at several places to depict the principals of Kamasutra. Along with these sculpture was also seen depicting the rural life of Indians. It attracts lot of visitors every year.

Shatrunjaya Hill Temples, Palitana, Gujarat:
The Shatrunjaya hill temple Palitana is a sacred place to Jains situated at a distance of 215 KM from Ahmadabad. Palitana is at an altitude of 182 meters covering an area of 13 Square Km. The temple is situated at a height of 591 meters and there are about 863 marble Jain temples built over a period of 900 years on the hill top. The view from the hill top is mesmerizing to the visitors.

Photography by D.H. Sykes

Somanath Temple, Gujarat:
Somanath temple is an ancient temple dedicated to lord Shiva believed to have been built by the Moon God Somraj. It is a sacred place for Hindus. The immense treasures of this temple were looted several times and ruined by Muslim invaders. However, every time the temple was rebuilt. Mahmud Ghazni looted seven times its gold and silver treasures. Allauddin Khilji Aurangzeb has also destroyed the temple. The temple is visited from pilgrims all parts of the country. Somanath temple is located at 79 Km from Junagadh built at the shore of Arabian ocean in Gujarat state. It is one of the oldest temples and references were made in Skanda Purana, Shreemad Bhagavat etc.

Image Source: Yogasanft

Badrinath, Uttar Pradesh:
A holy temple dedicated to Lord Vishnu founded by shri Adi Sankaracharya in 9th century. Badrinath is one of the four Dhamas and a very holy place for Hindus considered visiting once at least in life time. Badrinath is situated on the right bank of Alakananda and surrounded by two mountains on either side popularly noted as Nar, Narayan with the Neelakanth peak as a back drop provides a spectacular scenic beauty giving a holy feeling to the visiting pilgrims.

Image Source: Abhishek Chandra

Vaishnodevi, Jammu:
It is a holy temple of Shri Mata Vaishnodevi situated in Trikuta Mountains and an important pilgrimage center for Hindus. Pilgrims has to walk 14 Km to reach this holy temple. In spite of the difficulty millions of pilgrims visit this place for worshiping the Mata Vaishnodevi. The holy cave temple is situated at an altitude of 5200 Ft.

Image Source: Soham Pablo

Salim Chisti Tomb, Fatehpur Sikri, Uttar Pradesh:
The tomb was built in the year 1572 when the Sufi saint Sheik Salim Chishti died. The tomb is respected and visited both by Hindus and Muslims equally. The tomb is located at 45 Km from Agra at Fatehpur Sikri.

Image Source: Selmer van Alten

Dilwara Temples, Mount Abu, Rajasthan:
Dilwara Temple situated in Mount Abu hills is a Jain temple completely constructed in white marble with beautiful carvings and domes. It is an important pilgrimage center for Jains. There are two Shrines here Adinath (1031) and Neminath (1230) dedicated to the first and the second Jain Theertankaras. It is visited by all people irrespective of religion for its splendid beauty of the carvings, and lighting arrangements. It is considered that it is superior architecturally to Taj mahal. Gigantic green hills surrounding the temple add to its beauty and one must visit and enjoy.

Image Source: Sudhamshu Hebbar

Sun Temple, Modhera, Gujarat:
Dedicated to the Sun God the temple is located at a distance of 107 Km from Ahmadabad. The temple was built in 1026 by the King Bhimdev I of Solanki dynasty. The magnificent temple is famous for its scenic beauty and architecture. The walls outside the sanctum were carved with many images of the sun God. Sun’s rays fall on the sanctum at dawn during the time of equinoxes. Several dance festivals and cultural shows are being conducted now attracting tourists.

Image Source: Carol Mitchell

Nalanda, Bihar:
It was an ancient educational place during the Gupta period of 7th century for thousands of students to study the Mahayana doctrines of Buddhism. The Chinese traveler Hieun Tsang also studied here. It is situated at 90 Km from Patna. In addition it has an archeological complex and museum to visit.

Image Source: Lingaraj G

Dakshineswar Temple, Kolkata, West Bengal:
A famous Kali temple was built by Rani Rasmani a philanthropist and a devotee of kali in 1855 at Calcutta. Shri Ramakrishna Paramahamsa was the only priest of this temple. It is Located on the bank of the Hooghly River in Kolkata. The Kali Matha is called Bhavatarini means liberating the devotees from the burdens of the samsara jeevanam. The temple was built typical of the Bengal style and it is a good historical and sacred place to visit.

Image Source: Swifant

Ajanta Caves, Maharashtra:
These are 29 sacred Buddhist caves date 2nd century composing both Theravada and Mahayana traditions. These caves consists best master pieces of Buddhist art in India. Many visitors and tourists visit this spot along with the Ellora caves. These caves were used by Buddhist monks as prayer halls and monasteries for about nine centuries. These caves are nearer to Aurangabad and it takes 2-3 hours by road to reach.

Image Source: Christian Haugen

Elephanta Caves, Maharashtra:
The caves are situated in an island at a distance of 9 Km from Mumbai. It is believed that they were constructed by the king Pulakesin of Chalukya kingdom in 634 AD. Visitors reach these caves from gate way of India by means of a ferry. The caves are dedicated to Lord Shiva. These caves are noted for their exquisite carvings depicting the myths of lord Shiva.

1869 October 2: Birth of Gandhi at Porbandar, District Khathiawar, India. Father Karamchand and mother Putlibai.

1883: He married Srimathi Kasturibai.

1888: Went to England to study law.

1891: Returned to India from England and started Law practice in Bombay and Rajkot.

1893 April: Left to South Africa to work as lawyer for an Indian firm. Experienced the color discrimination

1894 May: Organized Natal congress in South Africa.

1899: Started Indian Ambulance Corps for the British in the Boer war.

1901: Returned to India with family.

1901-1902: Under took extensive tour in India , attended to meetings of Indian National Congress meeting in Kolkata, opened Law office in Mumbai.

1902: Left to South Africa second time at the request of the Indians there.

1904: Started a weekly journal ‘Indian Opinion’ and established a phoenix farm at Durban.
1906 September: Started the first ‘Satyagraha’ campaign in Transvaal in protest against the proposed Asiatic Ordinance on Indian immigrants.

1907 June: Organized Satyagraha in protest against compulsory registration of Asiatics.

1908 January: Arrested and jailed for two months in Johannesburg for organizing Satyagraha and later released from jail after compromising.

1908 February: Attacked and wounded by an Indian Extremist for settlement with Smuts.

1908 August: Second Satyagraha campaign started consequent to breaking of the agreement by smuts with all authorization papers.

1909 February: Sentenced for three months jail in Vol Ksrust and Pretoria jails.

1909 June: Travelled to England to present the case of Indians.

1910 May:Started a Tolstoy farm near Johannesburg.

1913 September: participated in a campaign against cancellation of marriages not performed according to Christian rites.

1913 November/December: Arrested third time and released conditionally in December.

1914 July: Returned to India finally from Africa and not to go back again.

1915 May: Started Satyagraha Ashram at Ahmedabad.

1917: Moved Ashram to Sabarmathi. Led a Satyagraha movement to fight for the rights of the Indigo Plantation farmers in Champaran- Arrested and released.

1918 February: organized a strike with mill workers at Ahmadabad. Finally the mill owners agreed to the demands after his 3 day fast. This was his first fast in India.

1918 March: Observed Satyagraha for peasants in Kedah.

1918 April: A hartal was organized nationwide against Rowlatt bill fasted for three days at Sabarmathi. Became editor of a English weekly ‘Young India’ and Gujarati weekly ‘Navajeevan’.

1920 April: Became president of ‘All India Home rule League’. Passed a resolution for a Satyagraha of non-cooperation.

1921: Gandhi determined to wear only loin cloth for his identification with the people and to popularize Khaddar (Home spun cloth).Several went to jail. Gandhi invested as ‘Sole executive authority’ on behalf of the Indian Congress.

1922: Undertook five day fast at Bardoli. Arrested at Sabarmathi for on charges of sedition for articles in ‘Young India’ and sentenced for six years jail in Yeravada.

1929: Arrested for burning the foreign cloth in Calcutta and fined one rupee. National Congress voted for complete independence and to boycott Legislature and Proposed January 26 as Independence Day. Started third All India Satyagraha campaign.

1930: Gandhi led a campaign with 79 volunteers from Sabarmathi to Dandi 200 miles on April 6 i.e. ‘Salt March’ to broke the salt law to pick up a hand full of salt at the sea shore. Arrested and imprisoned in Yeravada jail without many trial. Thousands of people also were arrested.

1931 January: Released from the jail without any conditions along with thirty other Congress leaders.

1931 March: Gandhi- Irwin pact signed for ending civil disobedience.

1931 August: Gandhi attended second round table conference at London

1931 December: Returned to India, National congress decided to organize Satyagraha nationwide for the fourth time.

1932 January: Gandhi was arrested along with Sardar Patel at Bombay and kept in Yeravada jail without any trial.

1932 September 20: Gandhi started fast unto death in prison in protest against the separate electorate for untouchables.

1932 September 26: British accepted Yeravada pact and Gandhi concluded the fast in the presence of Shri Rabindranath Tagore.

1933: Started a weekly magazine ‘Harijan’ in the place of Young India.

1933 July: Sabarmathi Ashram became a center for untouchables for removal of untouchability.

1933 November: Gandhi started a tour in India to popularize end of untouchability.

1934 October: All India village industries Association was launched.

1940 October: Civil disobedience campaign was launched against British refusal to express their opinion on World War II. Several thousands of people were arrested.

1942: National Congress passed “Quit India” resolution, Started Nationwide Satyagraha movement making Gandhi as leader. Gandhi, Kasturibai along with several congress leaders were arrested and imprisoned in Aga Khan Palace. Revolts took place at several places.

1943 February 10: Gandhi took fast in Aga Khan Palace to end deadlock between Viceroy and the Indian leaders.

1944 February 22: Mrs. Kasturibai died in Aga Khan Palace at the age of 74.

1944 May 6: Due to deterioration of health Gandhi was released from Jail unconditionally (Gandhi spent a total of 2338 days in jail during his life time).

1946: Started a tour of 49 villages in East Bengal stop communal rioting on Muslim representation in provincial Government.

1947: Toured Bihar to pacify the tensions between Hindus and Muslims and held conference with Lord Mountbatten and Jinnah.

1947 May: opposed Congress decision for division into India and Pakistan. Several riots took place in Calcutta. Gandhi Fasted for it. Muslim riots took place at several places in India. Ultimately India was partitioned and Independence was declared by the British.

1948: Gandhi undertook fast for five days to bring communal harmony. On January 30 during a prayer meeting at the Birla house Gandhiji was shot dead by a Hindu fanatic Nathuram Vinayak Godse who opposed strongly Hindu- Muslim unity.

The life of a great leader Mahatma Gandhi ended in a tragic circumstance. The whole world mourned for his death. Let us remember and follow his noble path.

Alzheimer’s is a common form of dementia a neurological brain disorder named after a German Physician Alois Alzheimer in 1906.

Types of Corn – Nutrition & Health Benefits
Whenever we go out on evenings to beach or outskirts of the city first we see vendors roasting maize corns and selling them. People usually purchase and eat them for a time pass or an uncontrollable fresh aroma of the roasting maize corns. Maize corns are healthy food to eat because they are nutritious and with low calories. They contain fiber essential to control cholesterol and also an anticancer agent. Maize is eaten in several ways as corns burnt, steam cooked, as chips, corn powder and as a vegetable in the preparation of curries and soups. One should not miss to eat this healthy food commonly available nowadays throughout the year due to intensive cultivation methods and availability of transport facilities from any corner of the world. There are several varieties of maize corns. The important varieties are Flour corn, Flint corn, Pop corn, Dent corn, and sweet corn. Maize is usually in golden yellow color. However light yellow, white, pink, black, purple, red, and blue colored maize are available due to hybridization and breeding.

Flour corn: This type is exclusively used for making maize flour. The kernels are soft and useful for making flour easily.

Flint corn: It is also called as Indian corn. The seeds are hard and slightly coated with starch. Used as corn meal.

Dent or field corn: Dent corn is found in two colors yellow and white. These are mainly used for cattle and poultry feeds.

Pop corn: The seeds are hard and available in yellow and white colors. These are used for making pop-corn.

Sweet corn: They are sweeter and now days many are interested to buy and eat these corns due to their availability. The seeds are little round and juicy and more yellowish and sweet. The seeds can be eaten fresh as they are soft and tasty.

Corns contain plant phyto-nutrients like dietary fiber, Vitamins, and antioxidants and minerals.

Nutritional and medicinal uses of maize corns:

• Corns contain antioxidant Ferulic acid that can control the free radicals in the body and protect against cancer of breast and liver. In addition corns contain beta carotene and beta cryptoxanthin which help in fighting against lung and oral cancers.
• Corns are natural resources of fiber and therefore control blood cholesterol and protect the cardiovascular system against diseases.
• If corns are regularly consumed controls type I and II diabetes by regulating the blood sugar levels.
  Since corns contain natural fiber eating corns help digestion, prevent constipation thereby formation of piles.
• Corns contain Thiamine (Vitamin B) hence help in maintaining the nervous system healthy. It is said that deficiency of Thiamine is responsible for development of Alzheimer’s disease. In addition corns contain minerals required for the body.

How to select maize corns for consumptions:

• The leaves on the corns should be fresh and green. If they are dried or brownish it can be considered that they are not fresh.
• The seeds should be soft and if pressed milk should come out of them. The seeds should be closely packed.

How to preserve maize corns:
Maize corns can be preserved by wrapping them in a plastic sheet and can be kept in refrigerator. They can also be kept in air tight containers and preserved in the refrigerator. Seeds can also be frozen and preserved.